A Case of Biliary Cast Syndrome with Cholangiocarcinoma-like Lesion in a Patient with No History of Liver Transplantation.

Background and Objectives: Biliary cast syndrome, which was first reported in 1975, is a rare disease that occurs after liver transplantation. The incidence is even lower in patients who have not undergone liver transplantation. This study reports a rare case of biliary cast syndrome with cholangiocarcinoma-like lesions in a patient who did not undergo liver transplantation. Case Report: Herein, we report a case of a 69-year-old man with right upper quadrant pain and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, who had a history of total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Computed tomography (CT) revealed longitudinal bile stones in the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts and abrupt narrowing of the left main bile duct accompanied by a narrowing of the upstream bile duct in the left lobe of the liver. Based on the CT findings, the removal of the bile stones in the bile duct and additional examinations of the suspected cholangiocarcinoma were performed. The patient's symptoms improved, and examinations for suspected cholangiocarcinoma showed no abnormal findings, and he was discharged one month later. Conclusions: The purpose of this case report is to share a rare case of Biliary Cast Syndrome (BCS) occurring without liver transplantation. Additionally, the report aims to share image findings that mimic cancer in BCS, with the goal of reducing unnecessary repetitive biopsies, minimizing patient discomfort, and decreasing unnecessary costs by aiding in the diagnosis of BCS.

Case report of superior mesenteric artery syndrome that developed in a lean type 2 diabetes patient and was associated with rapid body weight loss after sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor administration.

A 58-year-old women who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 20 years earlier had been treated with antidiabetic medicines since she was aged 40 years. After sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors administration, her bodyweight rapidly decreased from 40 to 30 kg over a period of 3 weeks. She had abdominal symptoms, including nausea, especially after a meal. On admission, physical examinations and laboratory data showed euglycemic ketoacidosis, dehydration and low insulin secretion levels. Additionally, abdominal contrast computed tomography showed the finding of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This case urges caution, including rapid excessive bodyweight loss and euglycemic ketoacidosis, on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 for lean diabetes patients.

Pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoretroperitoneum post steroid use in a patient with superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) refers to the presence of gas within the wall of the small or large intestine. PI can be both asymptomatic and life-threatening. The patient was a 50-year-old man with previous cervical spine abscess and osteomyelitis post debridement 4 years ago, with a heroin abuse history. He presented with abdominal distension ongoing for 4 days and vomiting for 3 times with fluid content. Abdominal computed tomography revealed pneumatosis with pneumoretroperitoneum. A surgeon was contacted and antibiotic treatment was started. The patient was kept on nothing per os and intravenous fluid supply. A drainage tube was inserted into retroperitoneum space on the same day. Tracing back his history, our patient was discharged from the hospital recently with a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery dyndrome (SMAS), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and asbestosis with soft tissue pleural plaques and calcified pleural plaques. During the hospitalization period, hydrocortisone dexamethasone and methylprednisolone were prescribed for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Steroid use and SMAS maybe the cause of PI. Finally, he was discharged 5 days later with a nasojejunal and drainage tubes and was arranged for OPD follow-up. PI can be asymptomatic or life-threatening, and patient management varies based on the clinical condition. Although in this case PI was found in the emergency department, a patient's past history of underlying disease and medication should be reviewed to find the most possible etiology.

Wilkie´s syndrome.

We report the case of a 14 year-old woman, who presents epigastric abdominal pain, abundant vomits and an important abdominal distension. Previously, she presented similar episodes. She has not any significant prior medical history. CT is performed and the imaging findings are consistent with Wilkie´s syndrome. Wilkie´s syndrome is a rare condition, that results from a intestinal obstruction caused by third portion duodenal compression between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. When the angle between both structures diminishes and the distance between the SMA and the aorta decreases (the most diagnostic value), duodenal obstruction occurs. Initially conservative management is adopted, but in some cases surgical treatment is necessary. Multislice CT has demonstrated an excellent diagnostic value when this entity is suspected. It provides multiplanar reconstructions, which are useful to measure the distance and the aortomesenteric angle and to rule out other possible etiologies.

Severe malnutrition causing superior mesenteric artery syndrome in an adolescent with Triple A syndrome.

Triple A syndrome, formerly known as Allgrove syndrome (AS), is characterized by achalasia, alacrima and adrenal insufficiency. Here we report an adolescent male with adrenal insufficiency who developed severe malnutrition secondary to a delayed diagnosis of achalasia. The severe malnutrition in our patient led to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) obstruction syndrome. Severe malnutrition to the point of SMA syndrome has not been previously described in the literature in Triple A syndrome.

Ictericia obstructiva por pseudoaneurisma de arteria pancreaticoduodenal / Obstructive jaundice caused by a pancreaticoduodenal pseudoaneurysm

No disponible

Neumatosis gastrointestinal masiva en paciente celiaco diagnosticado de síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior / Massive gastrointestinal pneumatosis in a patient with celiac disease and superior mesenteric artery syndrome

No disponible

Megabulbus in endoscopy; suspect for superior mesenteric artery syndrome in children.

Rarity of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) and necessity of invasive tests to verify the diagnosis leads to patients receiving symptom-oriented drugs for a long period without any definite diagnosis. Diagnostic tests such as barium series, abdominal CT scan, abdominal angiography or magnetic resonance arteriography are used in patients with suspected SMAS. In pediatric patients, a non-invasive SMAS diagnosis may be considered easily with abdominal ultrasound performed by experienced hands. Megabulbus is used as a radiological term; however, reviewing the literature an endoscopic definition for megabulbus was not found. We decided to mention severely dilated pyloric ring and bulb as megabulbus. Megabulbus might be an indicator for SMAS. This is the first case of SMAS in adult and pediatric age groups presenting with megabulbus.

Suspicion of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with severe gastric dilatation after catheter ablation.

Catheter ablation is a widely used treatment for atrial fibrillation. Gastric hypomotility due to periesophageal vagal plexus injury is a consequence of the extracardiac penetration of ablative energy. Some affected patients develop severe gastric dilatation requiring hospitalization. However, most previous reports have stated the cause of the subject's condition to be "unknown" or described the symptoms using obscure terms, such as "paralytic" or "gastroparesis." For example, one report stated that a few sites of severe gastric dilatation were secondary to "pyloric spasms;" however, no illustrations were provided in the paper. "Superior mesenteric artery syndrome" is a suspected cause of such dilatation.

Acute gastric dilatation due to a superior mesenteric artery syndrome: an autopsy case.

BACKGROUND: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome occurs when the third portion of duodenum becomes tightly compressed between the SMA and the abdominal aorta (AA). Several causes of the SMA syndrome have been postulated such as marked weight loss, external compression of the abdomen, anatomic variation, and surgical alterations of anatomy. This is an autopsy case of a subject with atypical duodenal obstruction related SMA syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old woman died one and a half days after eating a large meal of roast meat and vegetables and experiencing subsequent nausea and abdominal pain. At autopsy, fatal acute gastric dilatation was confirmed. The posterior parietal peritoneum around the duodenum was scarred and pulled the root of the mesentery involving the SMA. The complex compressed and narrowed the third portion of the duodenum. The root of the mesentery was also thickened and had adhered to the surface of the duodenum, which may have been due to past peritonitis and disturbance of duodenal motility. Aggregation of an excessively large food mass obstructed the lumen of the duodenum. The cause of death was diagnosed as SMA syndrome with intra-duodenal aggregation of an excessively large mass of food in the narrowed duodenal lumen. CONCLUSION: This is an atypical fatal case of acute gastric dilatation, through an excessively large mass of food obstruction at the latent narrowed duodenum.

Síndrome de Wilkie: presentación de un caso / Superior artery syndrome: Wilkie's Syndrome: case report

El síndrome de Wilkie o síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior es una rara condición médica originada por la compresión vascular de la tercera porción duodenal entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal. Los factores predisponentes incluyen desórdenes alimenticios, enfermedades catabúlicas severas, enfermedades de la columna vertebral, trauma severo y estados postoperatorios. El síntoma clinico típico es el dolor epigástrico, intermitente, acompañado de vómitos voluminosos. La duodenografía hipotónica con bario constituye el gold standard para su estudio, pero actualmente la tomografía computada con multidetectores ofrece mayores ventajas diagnósticas. El tratamiento quirúrgico incluye duodenoyeyunostomía, gastroyeryunostomía o lisis del ligamento de Treitz, que pueden realizarse por vía convencional o laparoscópica.

Wilkie's syndrome or superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare medical condition caused by vascular compression of the third duodenal portion between the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. The predisposing factors include eating disorders, severe catabolic diseases, and diseases of the spine, severe trauma and postopertive states. The typical symptom is intermittent epigastric pain, accompanied by vomiting. The hypotonic duodenography with barium is the gold standard for study, but now with the multidetector row CT scan offers greater diagnostic advantages. Surgical treatment includes duodenojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy and lysis of the ligament of Treitz, which may be performed conventional or laparosocopic.

Síndrome de Wilkie: presentación de un caso / Superior artery syndrome: Wilkies Syndrome: case report

El síndrome de Wilkie o síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior es una rara condición médica originada por la compresión vascular de la tercera porción duodenal entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal. Los factores predisponentes incluyen desórdenes alimenticios, enfermedades catabúlicas severas, enfermedades de la columna vertebral, trauma severo y estados postoperatorios. El síntoma clinico típico es el dolor epigástrico, intermitente, acompañado de vómitos voluminosos. La duodenografía hipotónica con bario constituye el gold standard para su estudio, pero actualmente la tomografía computada con multidetectores ofrece mayores ventajas diagnósticas. El tratamiento quirúrgico incluye duodenoyeyunostomía, gastroyeryunostomía o lisis del ligamento de Treitz, que pueden realizarse por vía convencional o laparoscópica.(AU)

Wilkies syndrome or superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare medical condition caused by vascular compression of the third duodenal portion between the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. The predisposing factors include eating disorders, severe catabolic diseases, and diseases of the spine, severe trauma and postopertive states. The typical symptom is intermittent epigastric pain, accompanied by vomiting. The hypotonic duodenography with barium is the gold standard for study, but now with the multidetector row CT scan offers greater diagnostic advantages. Surgical treatment includes duodenojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy and lysis of the ligament of Treitz, which may be performed conventional or laparosocopic.(AU)

Entrapment syndromes.

Entrapment syndromes represent a pathological process that vascular specialists encounter infrequently. However symptomatic patients are often young with impaired quality of life and successful treatment can produce great benefit, making knowledge of these conditions essential. The purpose of this review was to bring together the entrapment syndromes to understand and gain consensus on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and modern management of these rare and interesting vascular disorders. This includes entrapment syndromes of the popliteal artery, superior mesenteric artery, coeliac artery, renal vein and iliac vein.

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: a case report and literature review

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior y se presenta un caso, en el que junto a un megaduodeno sintomático se hallaron anomalías de la arteria mesentérica y anomalías congénitas del ángulo duodeno yeyunal y de rotación intestinal anómala. De la revisión bibliográfica realizada se precisa lo poco frecuente del síndrome, negado por algunos autores, y se afirma que no hay tal pinzamiento sino la combinación de factores, entre los que predominan anomalías congénitas(AU)

A bibliographic review on the superior mesenteric artery syndrome was made. It was reported a case with a symptomatic megaduodenum that also presented abnormalities of the mesenteric artery and congenital anomalies of the duodenojejunal angle and of intestinal malrotation. According to the bibliographic review, it was determined that it is a rare syndrome that is denied by some authors, and that there is no such impingement, but the combination of factors, among which the congenital anomalies prevail(AU)

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: a case report and literature review

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior y se presenta un caso, en el que junto a un megaduodeno sintomático se hallaron anomalías de la arteria mesentérica y anomalías congénitas del ángulo duodeno yeyunal y de rotación intestinal anómala. De la revisión bibliográfica realizada se precisa lo poco frecuente del síndrome, negado por algunos autores, y se afirma que no hay tal pinzamiento sino la combinación de factores, entre los que predominan anomalías congénitas(AU)

A bibliographic review on the superior mesenteric artery syndrome was made. It was reported a case with a symptomatic megaduodenum that also presented abnormalities of the mesenteric artery and congenital anomalies of the duodenojejunal angle and of intestinal malrotation. According to the bibliographic review, it was determined that it is a rare syndrome that is denied by some authors, and that there is no such impingement, but the combination of factors, among which the congenital anomalies prevail(AU)

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a basic military trainee.

We present the case of a 19-year-old woman with feeding intolerance, due to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, after weight loss experienced during basic military training. She had previous good health and presented with vomiting 8 weeks after starting military training. She had experienced a 16-pound (7 kg) weight loss during the course of training and was increasingly unable to tolerate meals, solids worse than liquids. Computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast revealed gastric and duodenal distention, with narrowing of the second portion of the duodenum at the SMA. A nasojejunal feeding tube was placed and she was given tube feedings. Weight increased and she eventually tolerated oral feedings. She completed military training and remains in good health. SMA syndrome is a rare cause of feeding intolerance, but can follow periods of acute weight loss, as is experienced by some basic military trainees.